Leafy greens are also called leaf vegetables, salad greens, vegetable greens, or simply greens. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The plant has a long history of use as a source for traditional medicine, food, tea, and even textile raw material. Betel-nut use is associated with metabolic syndrome and obesity. MeSH The second answer is there is NO EVIDENCE that Nettle leaf is dangerous for people with CKD and in fact, the opposite is actually true- Nettle leaf can be beneficial for people with CKD. Nair, U. J., Nair, J., Friesen, M. D., Bartsch, H., and Ohshima, H. Ortho- and meta-tyrosine formation from phenylalanine in human saliva as a marker of hydroxyl radical generation during betel quid chewing. Below is a summary of the existing animal and cell-based research, which should guide further investigational efforts. or Nettle leaf. 2008;58(4):246-7. Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. Store in a cool, dry place. Dried, powdered olive leaf extract capsules serve up therapeutic doses of some of the compounds found in olive oil in a form thats virtually calorie-free. Indian J Dent Res 1997;8:39-45. By increasing diuresis, the removal of metabolic products and toxins from the body may also be increased, alleviating the excess load on the kidneys. View abstract. One study that really highlights Nettle leafs protective effect on the kidneys was an animal study assessing the effect of Nettle on kidney toxicity induced by the nephrotoxic antibiotic gentamicin. Detrimental association between betel nut chewing and colorectal polyps in adult populations. Hemodialysis (3 times/week) West J Med 1994;160(4):326-330. Hung, D. Z. and Deng, J. F. Acute myocardial infarction temporally related to betel nut chewing. Do not use if seal is View abstract. There are several ways in which olive leaf extract can help protect the cells of the endothelium from being damaged. Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020. This protective effect of Nettle was attributed largely to its antioxidant activity. The amount of potassium you can have each day will depend on your stage of kidney disease or the type of dialysis you receive. Potential use of betel leaves for headache . Regulation of Jun and Fos AP-1 transcription factors by JNK MAPKs signaling cascade in areca nut extract treated KB cells. celery seed Bookshelf Consuming betel leaf causes an increase in levels of vitamin E, glutathione, ascorbic acid. Huang YC, Geng JH, Wu PY, Huang JC, Chen SC, Chang JM, Chen HC. View abstract. National Library of Medicine If you dont have kidney disease, you may consider trying the program since everyone can benefit from tips or recipes as well as the exercises in the program. Whats even worse is that when you get up to use the bathroom, its so painful to urinate that you think you might die. Yang J, Wang ZY, Huang L, et al. crushed oregano Oxidative stress has a critical role in the pathophysiology of kidney disease, and many complications of kidney disease are mediated by oxidative stress, oxidative stress-related mediators, and inflammation. Aust Dent J 1996;41:294-9. This will allow the patient to later pass the smaller pieces through their urine. Alterative- has a purifying and detoxifying effect and aids in the clearance of metabolic waste, If looking to supplement with Nettle, first make sure you are purchasing. Before Oral Dis 2021;27(6):1366-1375. Help families facing kidney Trivedy C, Warnakulasuriya S, Peters TJ. Moderate 226 Interactions; Unknown 2508 Interactions; Interaction Rating Key. 2022 Jan 18;12(2):126. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020126. 2021 Oct 14;16(10):e0258489. Betel leaves keep disease-causing bacteria like E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa away from the body because of their antimicrobial properties. This suggests that the olive leaf is a natural antibiotic because of its ability to fight bacterial infections. Betel nut contains a chemical that affects the body. Check with your kidney dietitian or doctor for specifics on herbal teas. 2022 Jan 18;12(2):126. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020126. The primary outcome was the association between betel nut chewing and CKD expressed as odds ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) after adjustment for other covariates. Alternatively, other patients may require surgery to directly remove stones from the kidney. Borage (leaf) Buchu (leaf) Coriander (leaf) Evening Primrose. A review. Some people, for instance, experience gout in an ankle, while others may develop it in an elbow or wrist. However, the association between betel-nut chewing and risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is Dark leafy greens such as salad greens, kale, and spinach are rich in vitamins A, C, E and K. Bok choy and mustard greens are also rich in many of the B-vitamins. The first known record of olive leaf comes from Ancient Egypt, where its antimicrobial oils were used to mummify kings. Wang M, Yu SY, Lv ZT, Yao Y. Betel nut chewing and the risk of chronic kidney disease: evidence from a meta-analysis. 2009 Jun;17(6):1247-54. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.38. There is some concern that betel nut might cause mouth sores in people being treated with doxorubicin for cancer. WebLeafy greens are rich in potassium, which you may need to watch with kidney disease. The effect of betel nut on human performance. Lin WY, Pi-Sunyer FX, Liu CS, Li TC, Li CI, Huang CY, Lin CC. In multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, betel-nut use was independently associated with CKD (P < 0.001). Nettle leaf has historically been used to treat pain and sore muscles and is frequently recommended in the treatment of arthritis because of its anti-inflammatory actions. Schullian D. Notes and Events. PNG Med J 1994;37(2):90-99. Yes, betel leaves help to a great extent in the treatment of a cold. View abstract. If your laboratory results show higher levels of potassium, your doctor or kidney dietitian may talk with you about how much to eat. View abstract. 1-1-2 tsp. Also Check: Stage 3 Kidney Disease In Cats Symptoms. Purpose: Careers. One study showed that olive leaf extract killed nearly all of the bacteria and fungi that were tested, including candida , dermatophytes and Escherichia coli.3 The latter is better known as E. coli, a bacteria that can lead to severe intestinal problems. View abstract. For example, in South Asia, people chew the fresh, dried, or cured betel nuts with slaked lime, betel leaf (Piper betle vine), and tobacco leaves (2, 3). A rare cause of esophageal mucosal and submucosal lesions. ACS Chem NeurosciSaudi Dent JBiomed Res IntLife SciMoleculesJ Physiol BiochemOlea europaeaPhytother ResOlea europaeaJ Pharm PharmacolMutat ResFood Chem ToxicolOlea europaeaAvicenna J PhytomedComplement Ther MedJ Med FoodOlea europaeaFood ChemBiomed PharmacotherJ Pharm PharmacolOlea europaeaJ Agric Food ChemPharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal PlantsPhytother ResToxicol In VitroOlea europaeaChem Phys LipidsAcanthamoebaInfect Disord Drug TargetsThe Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants: A Practical Reference Guide to Over 550 Key Herbs and their Medicinal UsesGeriatr Gerontol IntActa Biochim PolOlea europaeaBr J NutrPLoS OneMol Nutr Food ResAnticancer Agents Med ChemPhytomedicineLibyan J MedHandbook of Biologically Active Phytochemicals and Their ActivitiesHandbook of Medicinal HerbsMurraya koenigiiOlea europaeaPak J Pharm SciFood Chem ToxicolBiomed PharmacotherJ EthnopharmacolPhytother ResClin NutrOlea europaeaPhytomedicineEur J NutrOxid Med Cell LongevPharmaceuticals Phytother ResJ Med FoodPlanta Medpost hocTher Adv Musculoskelet DisPeerJPak J Biol SciJ EthnopharmacolNutritionArzneimittelforschungVirol JOlea europaeaJ Med FoodJ Med FoodNat Prod ResJ EthnopharmacolNutrientsOlea europaeaBioresour TechnolBiochem Biophys Res CommunMetabolitesFunctional Foods in Health and DiseaseNutr ResEur J NutrClin Case RepMycosesNat Prod ResAntiviral ResInt J CancerSci RepNutr Cancer, Recommended Reading: What Does Low Kidney Function Mean. And heres the thing, I searched for evidence showing that Nettle is risky for people with kidney disease (as certain websites state) and I couldnt find it anywhere. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 1998;40(1):25-28. Kong L, Zeng C, Yuan F, et al. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software; the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was used to confirm the stability of drawn conclusion. The source also notes that people who are prone to this type of kidney stones, dont have to worry as much about limiting their intake of oxalate foods, but they do need to monitor how much they are eating of foods that make urine more alkaline. 2013 Dec 5;13:1136. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1136. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:558367. In many countries, tobacco is also added. If you have kidney problems, you may consider trying out the program to see what difference it makes for your overall health. If you do not have space for a garden, you can start leafy greens from seeds and plant them in containers. Akhtar S, Sheikh AA, Qureshi HU. Herbs are beneficial for people in all stages of kidney disease including: Some herbal teas can interfere with actions of medicines. WebHemorrhoids are a fairly common disease, affecting the quality of life of patients. Hunan.Yi.Ke.Da.Xue.Xue.Bao. The association between hyperuricemia and betel nut chewing in Taiwanese men: a cross-sectional study. 2012 Aug;16(4):1267-73 Bangladesh J Neuro 1988;4(2):46-51. (red betel) leaves have been used to heal many diseases, especially to increase endurance. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Effect of antidepressants for cessation therapy in betel-quid use disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Read Also: Is Ginger Good For Your Kidneys. Chewing areca nut, betel quid, oral snuff, cigarette smoking and the risk of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in South Asians: a multicentre case-control study. If you have a kidney stone, youll likely know it soon enough. View abstract. Taylor, R. F., al-Jarad, N., John, L. M., Conroy, D. M., and Barnes, N. C. Betel-nut chewing and asthma. -, Medicine (Baltimore). Int Urol Nephrol. Popular culinary herbs include basil, bay leaf, chervil, chives, cilantro, marjoram, oregano, dill, parsley, thyme, tarragon, rosemary, and mint. Olive leaf extract supplements should be stored in a cool, dry place. It is sometimes used to make medicine. But using betel nut for a long time can be unsafe. It may be used to relieve pain from severe headaches. Huang TC, Wu WT, Chen YC, Yang FM, Tsai WC, Lee CH. As I mentioned earlier, Nettle leaf may also reduce the risk of kidney stones because of its diuretic properties but also because animal studies have shown that treatment with Nettle leaf was found to decrease elevated levels of urinary calcium, oxalate and creatinine and significantly decrease the deposits of calcium and oxalates in the kidneys. Store in a cool, dry place. Oral submucous fibrosis. It will teach you everything you need to learn about kidneys and the way to treat kidney disease. Studies indicate that olive leaf extract may help to prevent uric acid accumulation by inhibiting development of the enzyme responsible for producing it.8. . This blood pressure-lowering effect is likely related to Nettle leafs diuretic properties however animal and test-tube studies also show that Nettle leaf may lower blood pressure by stimulating nitric oxide production which acts as a vasodilator. Oral Dis 2022. Kidney Disease Solution Kidney Disease Solution is an complete step-by-step guide designed to enhance the health of kidneys and prevent kidney diseases. Life Sci 10-1-2004;75(20):2377-2389. Effects of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on the symptoms of people with schizophrenia in Palau, Micronesia. 1 tsp. Popular culinary herbs include basil, bay leaf, chervil, chives, cilantro, Cimolai N and Cimolai T. Severe iron deficiency anemia and gastrointestinal dysfunction associated with ingestion of pan masala. How to treat hemorrhoids at home with betel leaves is mentioned as a folk However, the association between betel-nut chewing and risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is Recommended Reading: What Does Kidney Enhancement Mean, Carlos Tello, PhD Jonathan Ritter, PharmD, PhD Puya Yazdi, MDCarlos Tello, PhD. Before you continue, you may want to watch this video by Review Vid on YouTube that gives a quick review. Heres a rundown of the most promising ways an oleuropein-rich olive leaf extract supplement may affect your health: Olive leaf benefits the immune system through its strong antimicrobial properties. 2011 Nov;16(8):751-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2011.01489.x. Olive leaf contains many potentially bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties similar to the well-known olive oil benefits. This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Do not use if seal is View abstract. The books also provide advice on the diet that is most effective for your particular condition. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted View abstract. Because of the delicate matter, some patients seek home remedies for hemorrhoids. Be sure to throw away any remaining olive leaf extract supplements once the expiration date listed on the label passes. People with kidney problems can drink herbal teas as it is a good beverage choice for your kidneys. Vasodilators relax the muscles of the blood vessels, helping them widen and therefore lower blood pressure. Read Also: How Common Is Polycystic Kidney Disease. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Studies indicate that olive leaf extract can inhibit the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, a process that can lead to inflammation of the arteries.11, In addition to major metabolic and cardiovascular perks, taking olive leaf extract has also been shown to provide antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective benefits. One of the most important components of overall cardiovascular health is arterial health. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. Relieves joint pain. Most people with CKD do not have to limit leafy greens because of potassium. This chemical is called serotonin. BMC Cancer 2022;22(1):296. eCollection 2022. View abstract. View abstract. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021 Aug 1;27:101090. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101090. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Chiang, W. T., Yang, C. C., Deng, J. F., and Bullard, M. Cardiac arrhythmia and betel nut chewing--is there a causal effect? Lin WY, Pi-Sunyer FX, Liu CS, Li TC, Li CI, Huang CY, Lin CC. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. View abstract. View abstract. More and more studies are proving that olive leaf extract is a powerful medicinal tool, with benefits including immune system support, increased energy and promoting healthy blood pressure. Helps in overcoming depression. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the An official website of the United States government. 2018 Oct 25;13(10):e0206383. These nutrients are potent antioxidants and are of great use to patients increase in heart rate, blood pressure, sweating and body temperature 1. oral precancerous lesions, including erythroplakia and leukoplakia 8. oral cancers (predominantly of the lip, mouth, tongue, and pharynx) 1,12. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. WebBetel nut is used for schizophrenia, a group of eye disorders that can lead to vision loss ( glaucoma ), poor digestion, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific The association between betel-nut use and CKD is independent of age, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Br J Psychiatry 2000;177:174-8. Lee, C. N., Jayanthi, V., McDonald, B., Probert, C. S., and Mayberry, J. F. Betel nut and smoking. Betel nut is a herb that is found throughout our country. Lets take a closer look at some of the actions of Nettle leaf that make it a beneficial herb for people with kidney disease. However, there is a paucity of literature that explores these themes comprehensively for the indigenous people within Micronesia. WebIt is also used to reduce the risk of worsening kidney disease, the need to be hospitalized for heart failure, and the risk of death due to heart disease in adults with kidney disease. Summary Preliminary evidence suggests that olive oil may reduce cancer risk, but further studies are needed. Molecular Mechanisms of Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis by Different Betel Quid Constituents-Does Fibroblast Senescence Play a Role? Nettle leaf has been shown to lower the levels of these specific inflammatory cytokines (among others) within the body. How you cook your leafy greens can make a difference in the amount of potassium and other nutrients. View abstract. Betel nut chewing is strongly associated with general and central obesity in Chinese male middle-aged adults. Betel leaf has strong anti-cancer and anti-mutagenic compounds in it and can lower the risk of developing cancer. Hsu YH, Liu WH, Chen W, Kuo YC, Hsiao CY, Hung PH, Jong IC, Chiang PC, Hsu CC. In one specific study, Nettle leaf actually dissolved calcium oxalate kidney stones in rats, supporting previous reports that it may be beneficial for the treatment of kidney and urinary tract disorders. Cox SC, Walker DM. Stinging nettle has a high amount of potassium. Nelson, B. S. and Heischober, B. Betel nut: a common drug used by naturalized citizens from India, Far East Asia, and the South Pacific Islands. Some herbal supplements that have phosphorus include: American Ginseng. The prevalence (24.8 %) of CKD in betel-nut users was significantly higher than that (11.3 %) of participants without betel-nut use (P = 0.026). J Oral Surg 1970;28(6):455-456. Nephrology (Carlton). Nettle leaf was traditionally regarded as a blood purifier, a styptic (stops bleeding), a stimulating tonic, and a diuretic. Lan, T. Y., Chang, W. C., Tsai, Y. J., Chuang, Y. L., Lin, H. S., and Tai, T. Y. Areca nut chewing and mortality in an elderly cohort study. Take a betel leaf (or shiso, spinach or other flat leaf if substituting) in your hand and wrap up into a cone shape. and transmitted securely. Over time, inflammation leads to damage and scarring in the kidneys so addressing inflammation needs to be a key consideration when it comes to protecting and healing the kidneys as well as reducing the risk of other conditions related to kidney disease. Betel Nut Chewing Is Associated with the Risk of Kidney Stone Disease. After, you will want to read the rest of our article for a more comprehensive review of The Kidney Disease Solution. View abstract. However, the association between betel-nut chewing and risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. A 2003 study found that olive leaf extract harbors anti-germ properties against bacteria and fungi. 26 View 1 excerpt, references background Chewing areca nut as an independent risk factor for proteinuria in 19). Nettle leaf was traditionally regarded as a blood purifier, a styptic (stops bleeding), a stimulating tonic, and a diuretic. Chen YY, Fang WH, Wang CC, et al. 2021 Empowered Health Solutions Pty. 1/1-2 tsp. People in the Mediterranean area of the world have long used olive leaf extract to help alleviate the symptoms of arthritis. Low Protein Diet Kidney Disease Mayo Clinic. Helps in Oleuropein can boost the health of affected tissue.7, Gout, which is another painful form of arthritis, results from an excessive accumulation of uric acid crystals in a particular joint. Guh, J. Y., Chen, H. C., Tsai, J. F., and Chuang, L. Y. Betel-quid use is associated with heart disease in women. It was used to treat diarrhea, arthritis, discharges, chronic diseases of the colon, chronic skin eruptions, and urethral and bladder irritation. Fenugreek leaves are a storehouse of many minerals and vitamins. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. The cells that make up this lining help to maintain a healthy blood pressure as well as proper circulation. An important feature of olive leaf Candida infections, meningitis, pneumonia, chronic fatigue, hepatitis B, malaria, herpes, shingles and ability to fight infections such as tuberculosis. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at, Why Olive Leaf Extract is good for your health, 3 things you didnt know about Olive Leaf Extract. Keywords: Filter this water and give two teaspoons of it daily two times WebMoringa powder can be used to protect tissue (liver, kidneys, heart, and lungs), and to reduce pain. WebAlso banned are qat leaf, betel leaf or nuts, niswar, gutkha. J Pers Med. We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. Wiesner, D. M. Betel-nut withdrawal. The leaves and roots are most commonly used for medicinal reasons but its important to know that they have different actions so cant be used interchangeably. Int J Obes. Nettle, or Stinging Nettle, is a shrub that comes from northern Europe and Asia. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 2012;48(5):655-61. PLoS One. as each form of the herb has distinct therapeutic actions. If these cells are damaged, that leads to the early stages of a serious condition known as atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. WebRegular chewers of betel leaf and areca nut have a greatly increased risk of developing a range of serious diseases, including oral and esophageal cancer.21 In India, and chronic kidney disease.25 Areca nut chewing has also been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease26 and adverse reproductive health outcomes, such as Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Other Factors with the Presence of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. View abstract. Betel quid may also be called pan, gutka, ghutka, or gutkha. One specific herb we often get asked about is Urtica dioica or Nettle leaf. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help View abstract. View abstract. If you experience a prolonged headache or unbearable pain, View abstract. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)/Transplant If there is too much MMP activity in the body, that can lead to the destruction of cells in the endothelium. Epub 2009 Feb 26. Yin, X. M., Peng, J. Y., and Gao, Y. J. Numerous studies have shown that Nettle leaf can cause a significant reduction in inflammation, shown both by a reduction in levels of various inflammatory cytokines within the body and a reduction in inflammatory related pain in conditions like arthritis. This herb is widely used in traditional medicine, especially for blood tonic, liver detoxification, skin To get a similar effect from olive oil, youd likely have to consume many, many spoonfuls , Miller says. Nutrients 2022;14(5):1018. Five studies comprising a total of 10,562 CKD patients and 34,038 subjects without CKD that analyzed the relationship between betel nut chewing and CKD were included in our study; all the included studies were performed in Taiwan. Yuwanati M, Ramadoss R, Kudo Y, Ramani P, Senthil Murugan M. Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among areca nut chewers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. If youre wondering if this program will work for you, then go through the article. A systematic review, meta-analysis, and research agenda. Detrimental association between betel nut chewing and colorectal polyps in adult populations. Cauliflower is a low-potassium vegetable that can be consumed by people with chronic kidney disease [7]. Betel nut contains chemicals that can affect the brain and heart. Treating anemia and sickle cell disease. Ltd. All Rights Reserved, One specific herb we often get asked about is. Top with a drizzle of honey. The Related Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan. Betel-Quid Chewing, Heart Failure, and Premature Ventricular Contractions in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Symptoms. The olive leaf was first used medicinally in Ancient Egypt, where it served as a symbol of heavenly power. 2009 Jun;17(6):1247-54. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.38. 2003;28(2):171-173. Hu Y, Zhong R, Li H, Zou Y. Now, dont get me wrong, I am completely supportive of people questioning the information they are reading or being told. National Library of Medicine [Clinical study on the relationship between tooth abrasion and the habits of chewing betel nut]. Researchers believe the protective effect is due to Nettle inhibiting renal damage, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. In an extensive survey of adults younger than 65, those chewing For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. As always, we recommend discussing any new herbs with your healthcare practitioner before starting on them. 'Betelmania'. These types of dialysis can remove more potassium, so you may need to eat more potassium rich foods. View abstract. Li DF, Xu ZL, Yao J. The first being that we wouldnt recommend ANYTHING that was dangerous for people with CKD. View abstract. A pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. View abstract. Contact Dermatitis. The appropriate dose of betel nut depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. View abstract. Because of the promising scientific studies indicating its medicinal potential, olive leaf continues to gain recognition for its various health benefits. 2021 Jan 4;18(1):307. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010307. Fendell, L. D. and Smith, J. R. Betel-nut-associated cancer: report of case. Since then, olive leaves have been used therapeutically in the human diet as an extract, herbal tea and powder. Betel leaves are full of vitamins and antioxidants like vitamin C, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin and carotene and are a great source of calcium. Other beneficial materials are meditation audiobooks, nutritional plans, yoga videos, as well as treatment tracking devices. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020;17(20):7472. 2012;8(5):229-32 2021 Aug 18;2021:1808081. doi: 10.1155/2021/1808081. Hung CC, Lee CH, Ko AM, Lane HY, Lee CP, Ko YC. PNG Med J 1991;34(2):117-121. MeSH Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

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