In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. The regeneration process of the skin is regulated by growth factors such as keratinocyte growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, which trigger the proliferation and migration of cells [23, 24]. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Equivalent Radii and Ratios of Radii from Solution Properties as Indicators of Macromolecular Conformation, Shape, and Flexibility. The intrinsic viscosity can be easily calculated by the Solomon-Ciuta single-point equation [44, 45]. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. dextran (1954). Chem. Sci. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. FITC-dextran molecular weights; 4, 10, and 20kDa molecular weight were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. Surface morphology study of dextran by scanning electron microscopy showed the porous web like structure. After 8h, the micropore became more distorted from the previous circle, suggesting that the micropores were closing. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect.". Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. Dextran WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. Leiva, Angel; Muoz, Natalia; Urza, Marcela; Gargallo, Ligia; Radic, Deodato (2010). where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. Sung-Wook Choi. Gekko, K. (1971). Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. The value of P increases from 1.0272 to 1.2694 (spherical shape with tendency to spheroid for high Mw). The solution was measured using an Anton Paar DMA35N densitometer. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. 8580 Macromolecules 34, Notes - NIST These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. 2012 Sep 1;90(1):441-6. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.063. (1999). At 20C data "a" value obtained in this work is intermediate to those given by references [1, 37] while the value of kM-H is lower. Stenekes, R.J.H. GPC Symp. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. Therefore, it is suitable as model molecules with different molecular weights for transdermal drug delivery [29]. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. 2005;22(4):5505. Article Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. ACS Nano. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Format). Rotureau, E.; Dellacherie, E.; Durand, A. 2015 Mar 17;6:155. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00155. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. 1905/05) for their financial support. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Lpez Martnez, M. C.; Daz Baos, F. G.; Ortega Retuerta, A.; Garca de , J. A simple way of universalizing the measurements is shown in figure 4 where there is a curve at each temperature for every molecular weight. 151-166. Chapter 2.1.4 Suspended level viscometers for transparent liquid, Ubbelohde Viscometer page 28-31. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2013;43(4):287303. Amersham Biosciences, AA Edition, www.amershambiosciences.com. Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. American Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013, 1(3), 60-66. Durand, A. Web54 we estimated that the hydrodynamic radii of 3-5 kDa dextran, 20 kDa dextran, and 70 kDa dextran are 2 55 nm, 5 nm, and 6 nm, respectively. (2006). WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Takara, Andres; Acosta, Adolfo; Masuelli, Martin A. dextran 8. Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. 2009;6(4):34354. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. Teixeira CG, Fusieger A, Milio GL, Martins E, Drider D, Nero LA, de Carvalho AF. The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Progress in Measurement, Interpretation and Application to Structure in Dilute Solution. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. This result could reflect the presence of some aggregated species within the lysozyme sample solution. Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. For Research Use Only. A novel high dextran yielding Weissella cibaria JAG8 for cereal food application. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. Ind. 7 8 government site. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should (2003). Figure 3 shows that the parameters vary with temperature, evidencing a clear functionality of them. The fast increasing of these polyglucosans for medical, industrial and research purposes motivated a survey of the types obtainable. WebIn this regard, we chose as crowding agents a number of polymers with hydrodynamic dimensions comparable to those of iRFP713 in different structural states: polyethylene glycol8,000(PEG-8000)withaneffectivehydrodynamicradiusof24.5 1.9(Devanand & Selser, 1991), Dextran-40 and Dextran-70 with hydrodynamic radius of 44.550 and 5864 , Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive alternative that addresses the limitations of oral and parenteral routes of drug administration; it enables controlled release and long-term systemic drug delivery through the skin, avoids hepatic first-pass effect, avoids gastrointestinal drug degradation, reduces discomfort and trauma resulting from hypodermic injections, and prevents safety hazards associated with dangerous medical waste from needles [1, 2]. Dependence on Concentration. They concluded that a power law behavior seems to be approached only in the small molecular weight region. Food Sci Biotechnol. Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. Kumar SV, Tarun P, Kumar TA. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Protein Hydrodynamics with Light Scattering Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Carbohydrate Research, 160, 205-214. Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells Ionic Polymers Based on Dextran: Hydrodynamic Properties in Aqueous Solution and Solvent Mixtures. 2011;16(2):518. Disclaimer. Palmuti Braga Vettoria, Mary Helen; Martins Franchetti, Sandra Mara; Contiero, Jonas (2012). Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). For data requests, please contact the authors. Pharmaceut Sci Tech. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. These hydrodynamic parameters show that these polysaccharides behave as a compact rigid sphere and contract by the increase of temperature (RH decreases) for the Mw range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Dynamics of a Polymer Solution in a Rigid Matriz. Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). ; Wood, P.J. Thomas Gutberlet (Lipoteichoic Acid): Statistiques d'influence Bookshelf With FITC-dextran 20K, cumulative permeation in the human skin was 2.530.48M, and 3.340.19M in the pig skin, which significantly lower than FITC-dextran 4K. Cumulative amount of FITC-dextran permeated after microporation on the human and pig skin for FITC-dextran M.W.. a M.W. Format), Citation-(EndNote The site is secure. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Viswanath, D.S. Ahn, G.Y., Eo, HS., Kim, D. et al. Biomaterials. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. dextran The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. Eng. (2013). WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. par | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth | Juil 2, 2022 | mitchell wesley carlson charged | justin strauss net worth (2000). The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. Journal of American Chemical Society, 76 (20), 5041-5052. Elias, Hans-Georg (1975). Solution properties of branched dextran. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. Dextran Specifications: Label (Ex/Em): Fluorescein (494/521) Size: 40,000 MW. (1958). Hydrodynamic Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Porcine wound models for skin substitution and burn treatment. PubMedGoogle Scholar. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-020-00201-7, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Structural and biocompatibility properties of dextran from In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. J Appl Toxicol. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifor, Marieta; Wolf, Bernhard (2009). Kim J, Jang JH, Lee JH, Choi JK, Park WR, Bae IH, Bae J, Park JW. A similar combination involves the intrinsic viscosity and specific volume: (a/b) is called Einstein viscosity increment, and Vs is specific volume (cm3/g). (1990). Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. (2003). The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was J. Braz. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Hennink, W.E. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. 2016;47:15964. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. Advances in Carbohydrate Analysis, 1, 63-144. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The value of kM-H in this work decreases with increasing temperature in contrast to published by reference [34] where kM-H increases. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter dh ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [ 33, 41 ]. (1969). Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Transdermal drug delivery: overcoming the skins barrier function. The optical image and histological analysis confirmed that the micropores on the skin were recovered over time. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. Harding, Stephen E. (1997). The term f/f0 is sometimes denoted as P, Perrin constant. Experimental Review on Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements and Temperature Effect. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. The value of Mv is different from Mn, Mw, and Mz in a polydisperse polymer sample [38, 60, 61, 62]. dextran hydrodynamic radius Molecular dynamics simulations on aqueous Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). WebFITC Products. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Dilute solution properties and degree of chain branching for dextran. De Belder, A. N. (2001). A similar article of dextran/water [35] clearly demonstrating the dependence of Mark-Houwink parameters with temperature. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in WebThis value is sensible given that i j = 0 and that the search radius of the clustering algorithm is slightly larger than the average segment length of our Dextran model (b 5.5 nm). TEWL measurements were taken to assess the integrity of the skin barrier and the extent of SC disruption. What is dextran? Application areas - TdB Labs AB sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal (1999). Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte; France; Accueil; Solution; Tarif; PRO; Mon compte The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Dextran Fractions. The calculation of Mark-Houwink parameters is carried out by the graphic representation of the following equation: where kMH (cm3/g) and a are Mark-Houwink constants, depending on the type of polymer, solvent, and temperature of intrinsic viscosity determinations [46]. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) Part of Strategies to improve the potential of transdermal devices by enhancing the skin permeation of therapeutic entities. Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. J. Phys. Intrinsic viscosities of polyelectrolytes in the absence and in the presence of extra salt: Consequences of the stepwise conversion of dextran into a polycation. Determination of polymer structure by Gel Permeation Chromatography. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. principles of dynamic light scattering Carbohydr Polym. Nair SS. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. SWC designed and coordinated the research. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. DOI: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3, Received September 18, 2013; Revised October 23, 2013; Accepted November 22, 2013. The effect of branching is best recognized from the molecular weight dependencies of []. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. Various average molecular weights (Mv, Mn, Mw, and Mz) instead of Mv were substituted in M-H equation. Google Scholar. Kam Y, Sacks H, Kaplan KM, Stern M, Levin G. Radio frequency-microchannels for transdermal delivery: characterization of skin recovery and delivery window. There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. AATEX. (1987). Peptide and protein transdermal drug delivery. Vemulapalli V, Bai Y, Kalluri H, Herwadkar A, Kim H, Davis SP, Friden PM, Banga AK. WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). If there are particles in the sample, the incident laser light gets scattered in all directions. However, when molecules deviate from globular to non-spherical or elongated structures then Rg/Rh tend to values upwards of 2005;304(1):27486. ; Ghosh, T.K. Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. Ed., 9(2), 85-90. Careers. Formul. Gold MH, Biron JA. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. Colloid Polym. Corp. (Seoul, Korea). ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). US20230040324A1 AMINOACRIDINE AND AMINOPYRENE DYES Progress in Biophysical Molecules Biological, 68, 207-262. ; Bos, G.W. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Kim, D.; Robyt, J. F.; So-Young Lee; Jin-Ha Lee; Young-Min Kim. The regeneration of micropores in the human cadaver skin caused by microporation was confirmed using an optical microscope and haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Use of the single point method is correct because it is based in the Huggins method (HM); owing the HM requiring many viscosity and density measurements (at least four) for each Mw, but Solomon Ciuta method with a single measure is sufficient. (2003). It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Challenges in analysis of high-molar mass dextrans: Comparison of HPSEC, AsFlFFF and DOSY NMR spectroscopy. (2013). Crini, G. (2005). The microporation device based on radiofrequency can be used to enhance delivery efficiency by removing the epidermis layer. We observe that this maximum radius is below The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Webof overall macromolecular geometry and hydrodynamic draining. Chem. Influence of molecular weight on Cite this article. (2007). 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation.

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